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Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)& HIV

1. What are Sexually transmitted diseases ?
Are diseases that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. Some STD's like gonorrhoeae infect the genital and reproductive organs. Others like HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B lead to other body symptoms. Most STD's can be cured if treated on time but with some STD's may have no signs or symptoms. If these go untreated they can cause painful symptoms, serious infections and even permanent damage.

2. What are the symptoms of gonorrhoeae ?
Symptoms usually appear within two days to three weeks after exposure but the infection may present as having no symptoms both in men and women. Men can experience a mild to severe discomfort in either their penis or rectum from with a thick, yellow-green mucous-like discharge. Other symptoms may include a burning sensation when urinating, swelling of the penile head, lower abdominal pain or discomfort a low-grade fever. Although women can experience the yellow-green discharge from the vagina or mild to severe lower abdominal cramps and fever, very often women have no symptoms whatsoever and thus can carry the bacteria for weeks, months or even years without knowledge of their infection.


3. How does HIV spread ?
HIV is spread through contact of body fluids like blood, semen and vaginal fluids. It is contracted through, vaginal sex, anal sex, oral sex, sharing drug needles, infected mother to an unborn baby and blood transfusions with infected blood.

4. What are the health care implications if a patient is diagnosed with an STD ?
  1. If a patient is diagnosed with an STD, it is important to notify the sexual partners so that they may seek diagnostic and treatment facilities to control the infection.
  2. Also, if a patient is diagnosed with STD's, a discussion about HIV testing and counseling is very important and indicated. When a person has at least one sexually transmitted disease, studies have shown that the risk for HIV transmission is much more likely due to the body's altered defense mechanism when it is infected with an STD. It has been shown that the presence of a genital lesion such as herpes infection or syphilitic chancre increases the risk for HIV transmission.
5. How can STD's be prevented ?
Since the most common form of STD transmission including HIV is through having unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex, the use of latex condoms has proven effective in the prevention of STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) including HIV.

6. What is genital herpes? How long does the infection last ?
Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus. It causes painful blisters on the genital area. Once infected it remains in the body and may present intermittently as painful genital sores. The patient can be infectious to others at periodic times for many years even in the absence of symptoms.

 
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